Source: IRIN
Just like thousands of refugees arriving in Jordan, Jacob Khamees experienced violence, hunger and fear in his home country. “I still remember when they attacked us, killed the animals and burned the fields,” he told IRIN.
But unlike the hundreds of thousands of refugees who have fled violence and instability in Jordan’s neighbours, Iraq and Syria, and who have often been granted housing, food and even medical care, Khamees has in his possession only two items signifying his displaced status: a UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) file and a thin quilted blanket.
Khamees, his wife, and their two children fled to Jordan from Sudan’s Darfur region in October 2013, but with his host country’s attention firmly fixed on Syrians and Iraqis, he says that, in addition to being cold and hungry, he feels invisible and forgotten.
According to UNHCR, aside from Syrians and Iraqis, some 1,700 people registered with them as refugees and asylum seekers in the past several years. Many of them are Sudanese and Somalis.
The figures are small compared to the 1.25 million Syrians and 24,730 Iraqi refugees in Jordan. But the numbers are rising.
UNHCR Jordan reported a 140 percent increase in non-Syrian and non-Iraqi refugees in 2013 over the previous year, mainly made up of non-Arab Sudanese fleeing Darfur.
Refugees from there cite violence and the worsening humanitarian situation as their principal motives for leaving Darfur. Overall more than 400,000 people were displaced from Darfur in 2013, the UN estimates.
“We want good education for our children. That is why we fled,” said Macca Omar Adam, who came to Jordan in December 2013 with four of her children after her husband was killed, by members of the Janjaweed militias, she says.
"Miserable" conditions
Access to Khamees’s Amman home is through a narrow alley where a leaky sewage pipe regularly spills dirty water. Behind an old metal door, a hallway leads to a sparse kitchen.
“There is no food to cook,” Khamees says as he gestures to the row of crooked, empty shelves.
The kitchen stands in stark contrast to many of the rented apartments of Syrian refugees across the country, where families keep cupboards stocked with food aid from local and international aid agencies.
“It is miserable here. It feels like being in jail,” Khamees told IRIN as he sat in the single bare concrete room that he rents for 100 dinars (US$140) for his family. Gusts of winter wind push through the doorway and window frames.
Khamees’s family does not own a heater, and they are unable to pay the $14 it costs for a gas cylinder, which would last only a couple of days. They arrived in their new home days before Amman was struck by sub-zero temperatures and heavy snow.
“We had to dig in the garbage to look for wood to light a fire inside the house,” he said, “We were freezing.”
Khamees’s son Mazen, who had long suffered from a lung disease, took a turn for the worse. “We did not know where to take him, who could pay for his treatment or anything,” Khamees said.
He travelled across the city in search of help, but by the time he returned home, it was too late. Mazen had died.
Khamees’s 19-year-old wife is six months pregnant. She feels ill and weak. The loss of her child, accompanied by poor nutrition and cold weather, has left her bed-ridden.
Limited services and aid
Aid workers say international organizations were once equipped with funding for Sudanese and Somali refugees in Jordan through the aid pledges provided by donors during the Iraqi refugee crisis.
“It is miserable here. It feels like being in jail”
Now, with the added pressure from the Syrian crisis and rising prices
caused by the influx, 30 to 40 percent of aid flowing into the country
is being directed instead to Jordanian families in the host community,
who are increasingly in need of assistance, according to aid agencies. Caritas provides health services at the Italian hospital in Amman to refugees and migrants through a small fund coming directly from UNHCR. The maximum limit for each person’s treatment is 500 dinars ($704).
The international NGO CARE provided some assistance until they were overwhelmed by the Syrian refugee crisis.
“Sudanese and Somali refugees are vulnerable, marginalized and on the side lines,” said Salam Kanaan, CARE’s country director. “We should consider horizontal funding for refugees and help all of those vulnerable rather than dedicating funding for one crisis at a time.”
Discrimination
Many Sudanese say they experience racial harassment from locals due to their skin colour.
“How can we interact with them when they call us chocolate?” said one Sudanese man, who preferred to remain anonymous. “But that, we have got used to. It is discrimination by humanitarian organizations what we don’t understand,” he added, in reference to what he felt was the “different treatment and aid” they receive compared with Syrian refugees.
Legal challenges
“Unmet humanitarian needs such as food and housing will eventually snowball into legal challenges [criminal proceedings against refugees],” warns Souzan Mohareb, programme manager at local-based organization Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development-Legal Aid.
Her organization deals with an average of five cases per day of Sudanese and Somali refugees detained for working without legal permits.
Unable to secure work permits, most Sudanese find jobs in the informal sector, working as cleaners, farmhands and drivers for as little as five dinars ($7.50) per day. In order to feed their children, many purchase food from supermarkets on credit and even secure financial bonds from Jordanians.
“Many sign financial bonds to secure debt, but once they could not pay, they get mired in legal issues,” Mohareb added.
Uncertain future
An olive green suitcase lies in the corner of Khamees’s bedroom. Strewn about are all the possessions he has: some clothes and a copy of the Koran he has carried since his flight from Darfur.
Like many Sudanese, Khamees hopes Amman will serve as just another stop-over in his search for a permanent, more settled home.
He says he wants to settle in “a Western country, where it is safe and where my children can have good education.”
He added, “We strive for a better future for our children.”
